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SUPERVISION/MANAGEMENT - Reading 1 : Leadership

Reading 1 – Leadership

Trait theory : Are Leaders Different from others?

Emotional Intelligence and Leadership

  • trait theories in general fail to identify what makes a good leader – emotional intelligence is a better predictor. Leaders need more than the basic traits of intelligence and job-relevant knowledge.

  • The possession of 5 components of emotional intelligence

  • Self Awareness

  • Self Management

  • Self Motivator

  • Empathy

  • Social Skill

  • EI is an essential element of leadership – studies show the higher the rank…the more prominent the EI components are demonstrated.

Behavioural Theories: Do Leaders Behave in a particular way?

  • Ohio State Studies

  • Consists of 2 things

  • Initiating Structure

  • Leader will define and structure their role and employees in search for goal attainment.

  • Consideration

  • Behaviour that organize work/work relationships and goals

  • Michigan Studies

  • Two types of leaders

  • Employee Oriented Leaders

  • Personal interest in needs of employees and accepted differences among them

  • Production Oriented Leaders

  • Main concern was accomplishing a task and employees were a means to accomplish this

  • The Leadership Grid (aka Blake and Mouton Theory)

  • Is a grid that takes into account the Ohio Theory/Michigan Theory creating a grid to show how the leader is most like to lead and get results from employees.

  • Empirical Findings for Behavioural Theories

  • Ohio Theory

  • Higher rate of grievances

  • Absenteeism

  • Turnover

  • Lower level of job satisfaction in routine tasks

  • Michigan Theory

  • Employee Orientated leader (emphasizes interpersonal relation)

  • Higher group productivity

  • Higher job satisfaction

  • Production Orientated Leader (focused on tasks)

  • Lower group productivity

  • Lower job satisfaction

  • Leadership Grid

  • Managers work best under a team management style (9-9)

  • Not concrete approach as leaders need to change with the task ( interesting tasks – less need for people orientation…etc>)

  • Leadership Grid

  • Country Club Management

  • High concern for ppl – low concern for productivity

  • Team Management

  • Committed group with same goal – leads to trust and respect (tactical)

  • Middle of the Road

  • Taking your calls, without jamming the guys and pissing ppl off

  • Impoverish Management

  • Exerting the minimum effort to collect a pay cheque.

  • Authority – Obedience

  • Efficiency in operations results from arranging conditions in such away – shit or get off the pot…im moving ahead, I don’t care how your feeling… better follow along

Possible questions - _________ where does this type of leader fall under ?

Contingency (Situational)Theories

Fiedler Contingency Model

  • Leadership style is “fixed” either relationship orientated or task orientated

  • If the situation requires a task orientated leader and the person in the leadership position is relationship orientated either the situation needs to be changed or a new leader assigned

  • Three contingencies that define a situation

  • Leader-member relations

  • Degree of confidence trust and respect employees have for their leader

  • Task Structure –

  • degree in which jobs are classified (if its not logical…it wont be well received)

  • Position Power –

  • Degree of influence due to ability to hire/fire/promote

Hersey and Blanchards Situational Theory

  • Situational Leadership Theory

  • Views the leader-follower relationship similar to parent and a child

  • Dependant on follower ( 4 leader behaviours in bold)

  • Unable and unwilling follower needs a highly directive approach

  • Unable but Willing follower needs high task orientated leader

  • Able but unwilling follower needs supportive/participative leader

  • Able and Willing needs a Laissez-faire leader

Path Goal Theory

  • Extracts key elements from the Ohio State Leadership on initiating structure and consideration and from the expectancy theory of motivation

  • Identifies Four Leadership behaviours

  • Directive Leader

  • Lets employees know what is needed with guidelines

  • Supportive leader

  • Friendly/shows concern and they can be supported

  • Participative leader

  • Listens to the employees suggestions before making a decision

  • Achievement oriented leader

  • Sets challenging goals and expects everyone to function at a high level

Leading One’s Self

Self Leadership practices

  • Planning

  • Access Management

  • Catch-up activities

  • Emotions Management

Benefits of leading without authority

  • Latitude for creative deviance –

  • easier to offer suggestions on even playing field (ie. All constables)

  • Issue focus

  • Can be more aggressive in problem solving suggestions as they do not have take all the responsibility (ie. Kick a door – sgt approved it)

  • Front-Line information’s

  • Closer to the front line…more detailed information you can received…less people adding/deleting input


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